Sake Interview #9: Visiting a Female Toji at Mukai Brewery in Another Kyoto
The Road to the Brewery Closest to the Sea of Japan
đŻđ” æ„æŹèȘçăŻèšäșăźäžéšă«ăăăŸă / Japanese version available below
Ine Mankai stopped me in my tracksâa vibrant pink sake made from ancient red rice at Japanâs most seaside brewery. Unlike traditional clear sake, this vibrant rose-colored nihonshu showcases how female toji (master brewer) Kuniko Mukai revolutionized sake brewing using kodaimai (ancient rice varieties) in Japanâs most seaside brewery.
I visited Mukai Brewery on a warm October day, driving through winding mountain roads to reach this inlet where traditional boat houses line the waterâs edge. Master brewer Kuniko Mukai welcomed me to the vertical breweryâa three-story structure squeezed onto a narrow strip of land.
đ Who This Article Is For
Sake enthusiasts (beginner to intermediate) wanting to discover unique regional styles and stories.
Wine lovers curious about how terroir influences sake character
Those interested in female leadership in traditional Japanese industries
Travelers seeking authentic, off-the-beaten-path destinations in Japan
Iâm Kazumi, a DipWSET, an educator based in Amsterdam. With a background in wine and sake, I translate sake through a wine-savvy lens.
The Journey North: From Urban Kyoto to Coastal Ine
When you think of Kyoto, you might imagine a traditional Japanese city filled with temples and tourists. However, if you drive to the north for two and a half hours, or take a four-hour train ride to the Sea of Japan side, you will find a completely different face of Kyoto. Ine Town has rows of funaya (boat houses with docks on the first floor and living spaces on the second floor) - this inlet town received two stars in the Michelin Green Guide. Here stands Mukai Brewery, known for its bright red sake called âIne Mankai.â
Founded in 1754, this brewery with 270 years of history sits on a narrow strip of land between rock cliffs and the sea. The brewery stretches upward, making efficient use of the limited land. The inletâs unique geography protected the calm sea surface from the strong winds typical of the Sea of Japan side, and the water sparkled in the sun. The view of Ine Bay through the bottling machine windows took my breath away. You probably cannot find another sake brewery in Japan where workers can see the ocean from their workplace windows.
Birth of a 23-Year-Old Female Master Brewer
Kuniko Mukai became a toji (master brewer) at just 23 years old. More than 20 years ago, when female toji were still rare, she took over her familyâs sake brewery right after graduating from Tokyo University of Agriculture, a prestigious school for sake brewing. Today, her younger brother serves as company president while Kuniko oversees all sake brewing.
âFrom when I was born, I loved it when the brewery workers came in winter and we all ate meals together. The craftsmen gave me sweets, and I played sitting on their laps,â Kuniko recalls about her childhood. However, she resisted when people called her the successor. When her brother was born 12 years later, she felt happy, thinking âNow I donât have to be the successor.â
The turning point came when she met Professor Masahisa Takeda at university. He taught Kuniko that âJapan has plenty of delicious sake all over the country. So you must brew sake that is unique.â She conducted innovative research including collecting wild yeast from the air, making sake with red rice, and creating sake with rice roasted like coffee. He advised that âIf you balance the five tastes - sweet, dry, umami, sour, and bitter - you can make sake that goes down smoothly without leaving a bitter taste,â leading in her philosophy of sake making.
Starting Alone at 3 AM
However, when Kuniko became toji at 23, she hit a big wall. The workers she had known since birth were friendly when she was just an apprentice, but the moment she became the master brewer, nobody would talk to her. The workersâ attitude was clear - they didnât accept this inexperienced youngster as their master brewer.
Furthermore, that year the Japanese sake industry was in its worst period, when it lost in sales to shochu (distilled spirits), with hundreds of breweries closing in the year. Likewise, in Mukai Brewery, workers had to change from live-in to commuting arrangements. When they started work at 8 AM, operations continued until 9 PM, which increased complaints from the brewery workers. This was another situation where brewery workers were against her.
Kuniko made a decision. She woke up at 3 AM to set rice in the pot and add water by herself. By the time workers arrived at 8 AM, she had the steamed rice ready. The three-story vertical structure suited working alone. She changed several brewing processes, including the koji-making method which was difficult for one woman to handle, improving overall work efficiency.
âWhen they saw me working alone to overcome these hardships, after a while they started coming at 6 or 7 AM. Also, an outside master brewer checked our brewing process and helped make improvements. Our work became more efficient and quality improved dramatically. I learned that to get a team to work, I must move first and show my attitude,â Kuniko reflects.
Even now, the brewery maintains systems efficiently that make it easy to work with few people. Currently, six skilled workers can do all the tasks, so whoever comes that day can start working right away - this creates a flexible system. Work in the koji room (where koji mold is cultivated) is especially important, and Kuniko tends to it even at 2 AM. âWhen I go in at 2 AM and spend 40 minutes mixing it, the koji becomes fluffy. The more I tend to it, the better it gets,â Kuniko says with a smile.
Philosophy: Sake You Can Keep Drinking
Mukai Breweryâs sake-brewing philosophy is clear. âI want to drink a lot myself, so I want sake you can keep drinking. Sake whose sweetness sticks to your tongue or doesnât go with food is not our style. Sake, even if it has texture, structure, or full of umami, with a clean finish is ideal,â Kuniko explains.
Their standard âKyo no Haruâ perfectly embodies this philosophy. This junmai sake (pure rice sake) uses sokujĆ brewing (quick fermentation method) with Kyoto-grown rice. A restaurant owner once said, âWith just this one bottle, we can serve it from cold to hot.â When you taste it, rich umami spreads in your mouth, but the aftertaste disappears cleanly, inviting the next sip.
âObessanâ (meaning Ebisu, a god of prosperity) uses Omachi rice organically grown in Ine town without pesticides or fertilizer. Omachi rice grown outside Okayama Prefecture is very rare. âRice without fertilizer has a very pure, refreshing taste,â says Kuniko. While the sake is rich and layered due to the kimoto brewing (traditional starter method), the acidity is relatively restrained so you donât get tired of drinking it.
Sake made with Koshihikari rice using yamahai brewing (natural lactic acid fermentation) has complex layers like earth and mushrooms in its taste, with abundant umami. Still, it finishes cleanly. All their sake values being âdelicious as warmed sake,â showing depth that works at any temperature.
The Red Revolution - Birth of Ine Mankai
What made Mukai Brewery famous in the sake industry was âIne Mankai,â made with ancient rice. This bright red sake resulted from research Kuniko started during her university days, inspired by her professorâs advice. The red color comes from ancient black rice, revitalized specifically for sake making. Initially, she asked two local farmers to grow the rice, but they struggled with heat damage from recent global warming that turned the rice brown. Brown rice doesnât produce a beautiful red color. âLast year the color really didnât come out. This year, changes in planting methods seem to be moving things in the right direction,â she says about the ongoing struggle.
Ancient rice needs different care to brew. For example, it has âas much oil as wheat and a unique bitterness like chewing on a crayon.â Therefore, they blend it with white rice and add it at the perfect timing during fermentation to balance color and taste. After summer passes, the bitterness becomes rounded and settles like wine tannins. In summer, they make it into nigori sake (cloudy sake), where rice particles create a creamy texture that softens the bitterness. The pink nigori sake is a summer favorite and tastes good even mixed with carbonated water.
Diverse Expression
Mukai Breweryâs innovation appears in their product lineup. Japanese sake made with white koji (koji for shochu) shows different characteristics in the final sake style, including with higher acidity. The âInecho Natsu no Omoide(Beautiful memory in summer of Ine town) has citrus aromas like white wine. After aging this for two years, the orange-colored sake releases complex aromas like soy sauce, caramel, and dried mandarin oranges. Michelin-starred restaurants in Australia use it, praising how it pairs with herb dishes.
Princess Michiko is a rose variety with a deep orange color and a gentle fragrance, named after Empress Emeritus Michiko. It became famous when in 1966, the British Royal Family presented these roses to then-Crown Princess Michiko. This sake uses yeast isolated from the flowers of this rose. The result has a slightly more elegant aroma than Mukaiâs usual style.
Their newest nama genshu (unpasteurized undiluted sake) is delicate - fermentation runs wild if it exceeds 12-13 degrees Celsius. âItâs really popular but hard to manage, so we sell limited amounts,â says Kuniko.
The impressive labels are works by father-and-son woodblock print artists Akihito Murakami and Nobuaki Murakami. Bottles lined up against Ineâs ocean looked like a natural art museum.
Epilogue - A Story Woven by Family
Currently, Kuniko runs the brewery together with her brother. âLuckily, my brother and I aim for the same sake. Without detailed meetings, he lets me make the sake I want to make, saying âWhatever you want to make is fine, sister.ââ Her younger sister also supported the brewery for seven years. Though she now lives in Tokyo, family bonds remain strong.
The view of Ine Bay from the bottling area, the rows of funaya, and Kunikoâs warm personality - Mukai Breweryâs unique and delicious sake comes from this land and these people. âIn the future, I want to create a place where I can drink with customers,â Kuniko shares her dream.
Recently, overseas tourists have increased thanks to Taiwanese bloggersâ introductions. When I visited, I passed several groups of overseas travelers. If you visit Kyoto, definitely extend your trip to this âother Kyoto. Next summer, I want to enjoy Kunikoâs sake together with her again while feeling Ineâs sea breeze watching my kids swimming in the sea.
Where to Find Mukai Brewery Sake
Netherlands: Through Yoigokochi (importer)
Select international markets: Check with specialty sake importers
Thank you to Kuniko Mukai for welcoming this visit, and to Dick from Dutch importer Yoigokochi for making it possible.
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